Description: We represent vulnerability as matrix that relates impacts with adaptive capacity (Figure 4). Vulnerability is high when impact is high and adaptive capacity is low. Vulnerability is moderate when either the impact is high and adaptive capacity is high, or if impact is low and adaptive capacity is low. Vulnerability is low when impact is low and adaptive capacity is high. We represent these conceptually as categorical for ease of discussion, but in reality there is continuum of vulnerabilities, and a different adaptation strategies and likely conservation actions, depending on the characteristics of the vulnerability.