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These data show the Fire History Indicator for the High Pine and Scrub Conservation Asset in Florida.<\/SPAN><\/P>

Fire Regime is an ecological indicator for the High Pine and Scrub Conservation Asset of the Florida Landscape Conservation Project (LCP). The LCP entails a large-scale assessment of and planning for the health of important natural resources, known as Conservation Assets (CAs), in Florida. Conservation planning at the landscape scale provides a framework for safeguarding functional ecosystems, and their interconnected processes required for maintaining healthy resources. Spatially explicit data from the project informs coordination and prioritization for making conservation decisions. Additionally, a suite of ecological indicators was carefully selected for each CA to represent important characteristics of each Asset and offers metrics that serve to evaluate current status, monitor trends over time, and guide conservation activities with clear measures of management effectiveness. Results are shared routinely on the Florida Conservation Planning Atlas website (<\/SPAN>www.floridacpa.com<\/SPAN><\/A>) and periodically in a summary report card that will be available for managers and the wider public.<\/SPAN><\/P>

Fire is an important component for maintaining High Pine and Scrub in its natural state. Prior to human habitat, wild fires were common in Florida landscapes from natural sources, such as lightning. Natural fire contributed to the composition and structure of a number of Florida's habitats and many native animals depend on these natural fire-maintained conditions. For example, Red-cockaded woodpeckers, an iconic woodpecker of high pine and scrub habitats throughout the southeast, relies on the openness of fire-maintained pine stands as a deterence to nest predation. The High Pine and Scrub Conservation Asset includes a variety of landcover types; each type has its own recommended fire return interval. Landcovers and their recommended fire return intervals are: Sandhill- 2-4 years; Upland Coniferous- 1-5 years; Upland Mixed Woodland- 2-5 years; Upland Pine- 1-3 years; Coastal Scrub- 3-6 years.<\/SPAN><\/P>

Fire management may be difficult to implement, however, for both financial and societal reasons. Controlled burns require significant financing and manpower, and may be deterred by presence of human development, especially high sensitivity sites such as hospitals, nursing homes, and schools. Because fire is such an important management tool, however, emphasis on the resources and coordination required to achieve it has become a target for LCP to stimulate the improvement in fire management of fire-maintained habitats in Florida, <\/SPAN><\/P>

For these analyses, marsh and wet prairies were identified using the Cooperative Land Cover (CLC 3.3) maintained by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) and the Florida Natural Areas Inventory (FNAI). The CLC identifies 247 classes of land cover in a hierarchical fashion that classifies groupings of land covers by major ecosystems, such as the Freshwater Non-Forested Wetlands.<\/SPAN><\/P>

Fire history was assessed by intersecting identified land covers with Florida's fire database. The USFWS, FWC, and Tall Timbers Research Institute worked together to develop a database of fire history for Florida. Through a combination of satellite imagery and ancillary resources (USAF Wildfire database, Florida Forest Service permitting, etc.), methods were developed to identify and validate fire histories within 10-acre hexagons dating back to 2006. Fire history metrics include fire frequency over the entire time period, time since previous fire (years), year last burned, longest fire free interval, and seasonality. Burn history by year is provided as a binary indicator (0-1) by hexagon.<\/SPAN><\/P>

The ecological indicator metric is the percent of the landcover type that is in compliance with the recommended fire regime. The intersection of landcover data with fire history for 2006-2018 provides data for estimating the acreage burned within any time period. The sum of acres that has been burned during any year within the maximim fire return interval (i.e., marshes burned within the last 10 years) provides an estimate of acreage in compliance. Acreage in compliance in relation to acreage of the included landcovers yields the percentage in the appropriate fire return interval. Trends in compliance will be updated annually. <\/SPAN><\/P>

These results reflect the best available methods for determining fire history for Florida's fire-maintained habitats. As with all spatial data, a number of sources of uncertainty contribute to these estimates. Landcovers by their nature are not perfectly identifiable. Likewise, the CLC is a raster summarized in a 10m x 10m pixel size (~ 0.0247 acres). The CLC is maintained on a regular basis, however changes in land cover may have occurred since maintenance. The fire data are summarized in a 10-acre hexagon net covering the state, Results were not converted to the coarsest scale (10-acre) and so interpretation of results should be recognized as an estimate of the true acreage. And although a number of validation measures were employed to ensure the best possible identification of fire footprints in remotely-sensed images, some fires may have been missed due to cloud cover, rapid greenup, low intensity, and late in the year misattribution (Tall Timbers Final Report - unpublished). Total acreages of burning during the entire time frame may be greater than acreages in compliance, which doesn't account for multiple burns over all years. <\/SPAN><\/P>

<\/P>

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